Nr-507 Advanced Patho Final Exam Study Guide Renal - 2023

PATHO FINAL EXAM STUDY GUIDERENALKidney : *Bodys chemist (2 bean shaped organs, 5oz, R lower than left due to liver on R) (male (10:1))o Wilms tumor: embryonal kidney tumor associated with defective tumor suppressor Undiagnosable until age 1-5o Polycystic kidney disease (PKD): mutant PKD genes = fluid accumulation in kidney tubules = cyst formation = compress & destroy nephrons Occurs in 1/1000 individuals 2 forms: 1 diagnosed in late childhood & 1 in mid-adulthood Urinary tract cancers (kidney, bladder)o Chemical exposure, proto-oncogene mutation, tumor suppressor gene mutation Bacterial infection (open ended system)o Descending: blood born pathogeno Ascending: Urethral pathogen (UTI more common in females) Renal tubule necrosis (acute tubular necrosis)o Renal tubules very sensitive to low oxygen levels & toxins (PCT)o Ischemia inflammation/tubular injury cast formation & tubular obstruction damage & prevents flow tubular injury, leakage, perfusion, & GFR= Oliguriao Tubule scaring & lumen loss (passageway loss)o Causes: Post op/sepsis/burns/trauma/IV contrasto Leads to CKD & RF Glomerulonephritis o Glomerular capillaries trap blood-borne antibodies & antigen-antibody complexeso Triggering event (infection) antibodies form complexes with antigen complex phagocytized by WBC/coagulation cascade activated & fibrin deposited = perfusion & filtration = GFR complexes not phagocytized in a timely matter complexes trapped in glomerular