Bio 120 Tests 1 Old Test Essentials Of Life Science

!!1. What!is!the!ultimate!source!of!all!genetic!variation?!!a. Mutation*!b. Crossing!over !c. Recombination!d. Independent!assortment!of!chromosomes!e. A!and!C!!2. What!is!the!best!definition!of!evolution? !! a. Genetic!change!in!an!individual !b. Genetic!change!in!a!population!over! time*!c. The!process!by!which!humans!evolved!from!chimpanzees!d. The!process!by!which!acquired!traits!are!passed!down!to!offspring!e. Slow!change!in!a!species!over!time!!3. What!theory!could!Darwin!not!reconcile!with!his!theory!of!evolution!by!natural!selection? !! a. Theory!of!anisogamy!b. Theory!of!uniformitarianism!c. Theory!of!gradualism!d. Theory!of!blending!inheritance* !e. Theory!of!theology!!4. What!is!the!name!of!the!portion!of!DNA!that!codes!for!a!protein!called?!!a. Interon!b. Exon!c. Promoter!d. Gene* !e. Mutation!!5. According!to!Coyne,!what!is!the!unit!of!evolution? !!a. Cell !b. Individual!c. Population!d. Kin!group!(relatives) !e. Species* !!!adaptation 6. What!is!the!best!definition!of!fitness? !! a. Genetic!change!in!a!population !b. Differential!reproduction!of!genotypes !c. The!number!of!offspring!an!individual!contributes!to!the!next!generation!d. The!relative!number!of!offspring!an!individual!contributes!to!the!next!generation* !e. !Genetic!diversity!within!a!population.!! !7. The!two!key!factors!responsible!for!speciation!among!populations!are:!!a. Mutation!and!h eterozygote!advantage. !b. Reproductive!isolation!and!genetic!divergence* !c. Mutation!and!genetic!drift !d. Postzygotic!isolation!and!morphological!change.!e. Inbreeding!and!sexual!selection!!8. !What!is!a!usual!consequence!of!a!population!bottleneck!(dramatic!reduction!in!population!size)? !! a. Genetic!drift*!b. Mutation!rates!increase !c. Extinction!rates!decrease!d. Natural!selection!decreases!in!intensity !e. Adaptive!radiation!!9. What!theory! did!Lamarck!propose?!! a. Natural!selection !b. Gradualism !c. Inheritance!of!acquired!traits *!d. Mutation!e. Uniformitarianism!!10. Which!of!the!following!is!not!consistent!with!Darwins!theory!of!evolution!by!natural!selection?!!a. All!populations!produce!more!offspring!than!survive!b. Some!individuals!survive!better!than!others!c. Limited!resources!(such!as!food)!limit!population!growth !d. Variation!in!individuals!is!not!heritable* !e. Traits!appear!and!disappear!over!time!!biodiversity&adaptation populationdecreasesbnooffspings/somespecialgenedisappear=geneticdrift 1evolution;linear;inheritancepasstraittooffspring overpopulation;competition;variation;bestfitpasstraittooffspring11. Today!the!population!of!French!Canadians!in!Quebec!has!a!much!higher!incidence!of! medically!high!tryglicerate!levels!than!Canadians!in!other!provinces!because!o f!a!high!incidence!in!the!early!populations!of!the!province.!What!is!this!an!example!of?!! a. Genetic!drift !b. Gene!flow !c. Natural!selection !d. The!founder!effect* !e. Mutation!!12. !What!is!the!term!for!a!change!in!a!single!nucleotide!pair?!!a. Duplication!b. Insertion!c. Gene!copy! number!d. Deletion !e. Point!mutation*!!13. For! organisms!that!are!closely!related,!which!of!the!following!often!provide!the!most!information!about!how!long!ago!the!two!species!diverged!from!each!other?!! a. Selectively!neutral!changes!to!DNA*!b. The!number!of!gene!duplication!events !c. Changes!in!area!of!highly!conserved!genes!such!as!immortal!genes !d. Areas!of!DNA!under!active!natural!selection!e. The!fossil!record!!14. Approximately!how!many!genes!are!in!the!human!genome?!!a. 400!b. 13,000!c. 25,000* !d. 100,000!e. 3.2!x!106!!!15. What!is!the! source!of!most!of!the!genetic!variation!in!the!human!genome?!! a. Point!mutations*!b. DNA!duplications!c. DNA!deletions!d. Chromosomal!mutations!smallindividualstartanewpopulation onepopulationtoanother,matingchangegene smallpopulationmissgene e. Change!in!chromosomal!number!!16. Coyne!discusses!the!observation!that!although!genetic!differences!between!human!races!are!very!small,!most!of!the!genetic!differences!affect!physical!appearance.!Based!on!this,!w hat!process!do!many!biologists!theorize !to!be!the!driving!force!for!the!evolution!of!human!races? !!a. Natural!selection!for!adaptation!to!different!environments!b. Sexual!selection!related!to!mate!choice*!c. Adaptive!radiation!in!isolation!d. Geographic!barriers !e. The!founder!effect! !!17. In!what!way!does !natural!selection! differ!from!artificial!selection? !!a. Under!artificial!selection!breeders!select!which!organisms!will!breed!whereas!under! natural!selection!the!environment!selects!which!organisms!will!pass!genes!on!to!the!next!generation!b. Natural!selection!depends!upon!the!presence!of!variation!in!the!population!whereas!artificial!selection!does!not !c. Natural!selection!occurs!within!populatio ns!and!artificial!selection!does!not!d. Artificial!selection!often!has!a!specific!endcpoint!in!mind!whereas! natural!selection!does!not !e. !!A!and!D*!!18. !Why!is!reproductive!isolation!important!from!an!evolutionary!standpoint?!!a. Reproductive!isolation!increases!the! mutation!rate!b. Reproductive!isolation!my!slow!reproduction!c. When!the!organisms!comprising!two!populations!of!a!species!can!no !longer!interbreed!the!flow!of! genetic!material!between!them!stops*!d. It!is!not!important!from!an!evolutionary!standpoint!so!this!question!is!based!on!a!false!assumption.!e. None!of!the!above !!19. Which!of!the!following!is!not!a!necessary!condition!for!natural!selection!to!occur?!!a. !There!is!variation!in!a!population!b. Some!of!this!variation!is!heritable!c. Inheritance!must!be!particulate!in!nature!!!purpose natureselection:nopurpose,byenvironmentartificialselection:byhumancontrol selferfertilization/interbreedvsoutcrossd. Most!offspring!do!not!survive !e. Survival!of!offspring!is!random*!!!20. Which!of!the!following!is!not!an!example!of!macroevolution?!!a. The!evolution!of!aerobic!respiration!b. The!rise!of!the!animals!500!million!years!ago!c. The!white!morph!of!the!pepper!moth!has!increase d!in!frequency!in!Britain!over!the!past!50!years* !d. The!disappearance!of!the!dinosaurs!around!65!million!years!ago !e.