Scientific Introduction:the Body Of Scientific Knowledge

Scientific Knowledge And UnderstandingGENETIC HOW GENETIC HAS CHANGEDScientific knowledge changes over timeNew discoveries shape scienceGenetic has benefited from major science studiesWas understood before coining of the term ‘gene’Darwin’s natural selection concept laid the foundationSome genetic traits are visible, others are notGenetics initially influenced biological behavior Genetics in History1865: discovery of hereditary transmitted in unitsFollowed the Darwin theory of natural selectionGregor Mendel conducts an experimentFinds that hereditary materials transmitted in unitsGenes remained as distinct bodiesCharacteristics of parents blend in their children Major Genetic Discoveries1869: DNA IsolationFrederick Miescher isolates DNA from cells1879: Describing mitosis1902: Theory of chromosome inheritanceOrderly disease inheritanceMendelian concepts explained inheritance of alkaptonuria1909: Finally, the word gene is coined Genetics’ Discoveries1952: Genes are made of DNAOnly the DNA of a virus is enough to infect a bacteriaSupports strongly that DNAs make up genes1959: Identification of Chromosome abnormalitiesDown syndrome causes trisomy 21Chromosome 21 has three, instead of two copiesExtra chromosome causes abnormal development Human Genetics1990: Launch of the human genome projectA 15-year project to sequence the human genomeAimed to sequence 3.2 million letters of human genome1999: Chromosome 22 sequencedA finished full-length human chromosome is producedChromosome 22 chosen because it is relatively small THE MOON LANDINGHISTORICAL CONTEXTReferred to as the Apollo 11