D334 Intro To Cryptography Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions 100% Correct | New Update 2025

HMAC {Ans: It is a message authentication code (MAC) that can be used to verify the integrity and authentication of the message. It involves hashing the message with a secret key, and thus differs from standard hashing, which is purely a one-way function.}IDEA (International Data Encryption Standard) {Ans: It is a symmetric-key block cipher that encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a 128-bit key. It works by repeatedly applying a series of mathematical operations like modular addition, modular multiplication, and bitwise XOR in 8 rounds to process the data. -This algorithm is used for secure communications, data protection, and financial security.}Hold {Ans: The certificate's trust level is on hold and can be reversed at some time in the future. It could relate to a private key being thought to be compromised, but where an investigation has yet to show it's been breached.}RFC 5280 {Ans: Internet X.509 public key infrastructure certificate and certified revocation list (CRL) profile.}Public Key Cryptography Standard PKCS #10 {Ans: A standard format used for requesting digital certificates from certificate authorities (CA).}Cut and Paste {Ans: Where the intruder mixes parts of two different encrypted messages and is able to create a new