Nr 507 Midterm Exam Test Bank (Latest 2025 Update)

nephron anatomy {Ans: }Sickle cell anemia {Ans: - inherited autosomal recessive genetic disorder - A single amino acid change on the beta chain (amino acid valine replaces glutamic acid) -Elongated,weak hgb molecule (doesn't bind o2 well). Distorted RBCs rupture after only 10-15 days. -risk of circulatory iron overload, occlude blood vessels, **damage to the spleen**}Glomerulonephritis {Ans: The glomerular-capillaries can trap blood-borne Ab & Ag-Ab complexes - Causes: PRIMARY: infection, drugs, toxins, vascular disorders, ischemia, immunologic responses, free radicals. SECONDARY: DM, CHF, HIV, Lupus Triggering event (infection)- Ag-Ab complex formation & deposition in glomerulus- Activation of complement system & WBC infiltration- Glomerular injury & leakage- Proteinuria/hematuria- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria OR after glomerular injury & leakage- Coagulation cascade activation & FIbrin deposition- Decreased capillary perfusion- decreased GFR- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria}Erythrocyte (RBC) {Ans: Function: gas transport to and from tissue cells and lungs Lifespan: 80-120 days -48% of blood volume -Contains Hgb, has no nucleus and cytoplasm, cannot synthesize protein - Removed by the spleen}Troponin {Ans: Relaxing protein Troponin T- aids in binding the troponin complex to actin and tropomyosin Troponin I- Inhibits the ATPhase of actomyosin Troponin C- Binding sites for the calcium