Emergency Medicine / Critical Care: In-Depth Summary

Emergency Medicine / Critical Care: In-Depth Summary1. Primary Survey (ABCDE)Airway: Clear, consider intubation. Breathing: Assess RR, SpO , ventilate if needed. Circulation: Pulse, BP, control bleeding. Disability: GCS, pupils, neuro deficits. Exposure: Undress, check for hidden injuries. Mnemonic: A-B-C-D-E = Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Disability , Exposure.2. Secondary SurveyFull head-to-toe assessment after stabilization. Includes vitals, history (AMPLE: Allergies, Medications, Past, Last meal, Events), focused examination, labs & imaging. Clinical: Detect associated injuries, internal bleeding.3. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)Adult: 30 compressions : 2 breaths, rate 100-120/min, depth 5-6 cm. Child: 30:2 single rescuer, 15:2 two rescuers. AED: Early defibrillation for VF/pulseless VT . Clinical: Cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest. Mnemonic: CAB = Compressions first, Airway, Breathing.4. Trauma ProtocolsBlunt/penetrating trauma: Follow ATLS guidelines. Hemorrhage control, immobilization (cervical spine, fractures), IV fluids, rapid transport. Clinical: Polytrauma, shock, head injury . Mnemonic: RAT = Rapid assessment, Airway, Transport.5. Shock & Fluid ResuscitationTypes: Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Distributive (septic, anaphylactic), Obstructive. Management: IV crystalloids, blood products, vasopressors if needed. Clinical: Hypotension, tachycardia, organ hypoperfusion. Mnemonic: HCOD = Hypovolemic, Cardiogenic, Obstructive, Distributive.6. Acute Cardiac EmergenciesMI: Chest pain, ECG changes MONA (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitrates, Aspirin). Arrhythmias: Brady/tachy ACLS protocol. Clinical: Early recognition reduces mortality . Mnemonic: MONA before PCI.7. Airway & Respiratory