Nurs 251 Pharmacology |263 Questions| With Correct Answers.

Direct Acting Dopamine Receptor- Agonists {Ans: Nondopamine dopamine receptor agonists (NDDRAs) Ergot derivatives: bromocriptine Nonergot drugs: pramipexole (Mirapex), ropinirole (Requip) All of the NDDRAs work by direct stimulation of presynaptic and/or postsynaptic dopamine receptors in the brain or both}Insulin glargine (Lantus) {Ans: Long-acting insulin. Onset: 2-4 hour. Peak: none. Duration 20 to 24 hours. Forms micro-precipitates that are slowly absorbed over 24 hours - provided constant level of insulin in body. Usually dosed once per day or every 12 hours. Sometimes referred to as basal insulin. NOT interchangeable with insulin detemir (Levemir)}Hyperosmotic {Ans: result in bowel distention, increase fecal H2O content, increase peristalsis and evacuation indications: chronic, diagnostic, procedure adverse effects: bloating, rectal irritation}Supplemental (replacement) therapy {Ans: supplies the body with a substance needed to maintain normal body function}Metformin (Biguanide) {Ans: Does not increase insulin secretion from pancreas and therefore does not cause hypoglycemia Reduces glucose production/gluconeogenesis Reduced triglycerides & cholesterol Decreases intestinal absorption of glucose Improves glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, adipose, liver May be used in combination with sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones or incretin mimetics when monotherapy & lifestyle measure are not successful AE: Abdominal bloating, nausea, cramping, a feeling of fullness, and diarrhea. Metallic