Nurs 3309 Pathophysiology Uthscsa Exam 1 Questions & Answers

C5a (anaphylatoxin, chemotactic factor) purpose {Ans: Allows Leukocyte (neutrophil) migration towards the gradient created by chemotactic factor}Chemical signaling {Ans: }What does C3a (Anaphylatoxin) do to Mast cells {Ans: Allows degranulation of the mast cell, and thus the release of histamine (vasoconstrictor, smooth muscle relaxer) [Seen in Type 1 IgE allergic reactions]}Effect of stress on acute inflammation/allergic reaction {Ans: When cortisol is made, it gets activated by ACTH (which stimulates gluconeogenesis, thus producing glucose and raising blood-glucose level) Cortisol is a powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive agent. This decreases cellular immunity and raises humoral immunity, thus increases acute inflammation with a TH2 shift}Type I hypersensitivity {Ans: Type I - IgE-mediated reaction (Most common allergic reaction): Where IgE binds to mast cell through specific IgE receptors, and during re-exposure to a previous pathogen, the allergen "cross links" meaning it attaches to IgE while it is already on the mast cell receptor. Mast cell degranulates, releases histamine, and causes symptoms of acute inflammatory reaction.}Effects of cortisol {Ans: Raised blood pressure/cardiac output Decrease in luteinizing hormones, estradiol, testosterone. Increase of amino acids in blood Atrophy of lymphoid tissue Could cause anti-inflammatory or increased inflammation. Immunosuppression or increased humoral immunity.}