Psyc 140 - Module 4 |18 Questions| With Correct Answers.

Cognitive influences {Ans: Children obtain knowledge from the world about gender and incorporate this into their own understanding. They may choose to imitate stereotypical gender behaviors. Gender schema theory states that children have a desire to conform to societal standards and therefore may tune their attention and behavior to act in ways in keeping with their respective gender.}Social Influences {Ans: From birth, others may treat girls and boys differently. This can occur accidentally, such as by being more protective of toddler girls and more accepting and even encouraging of rough behavior from boys.}Preoperational Stage {Ans: takes place between the ages of 2 and 7. It is termed, pre-operational because children at this age aren't fully internalizing their actions, according to Piaget. Essentially, Piaget saw this stage as being very flawed and yet crucial to future development.}zone of proximal development (ZPD) {Ans: the gap between what children can accomplish alone and what they can do if guided by an expert.}Symbolic Function {Ans: substage (ages 2 to 4) continues the skills begun with the establishment of object permanence. That is, children continue to develop in their abilities to mentally represent objects that are not right in front