Bates Chapter 16 Cardiovascular Study Guide Graded A+

During systole, the aortic valve is? {Ans: opened, allowing ejection of blood from the Left Ventricle into the aorta. The mitral valve is closed.}An S4 corresponds to? {Ans: Increased left ventricular end diastolic stiffness which decreases compliance}the valsalva maneuver can also help identify? {Ans: heart failure et pulmonary hypertension}How do you Grade a murmur? {Ans: Intensity of murmur of 1-6 (systolic) et 1-4 (diastolic), pitch should be noted as high, medium, or low; and quality (blowing, harsh, rumbling, or musical)}Anasarca is? {Ans: Severe generalized edema extending to the sacrum et abdomen}MI presentation? {Ans: --Sudden arrhythmia or decreased cardiac output --Variable, often exertion precipitates --Coronary artery disease; Coronary ischemia or vasospasm predisposes --Ischemic chest pain; may be silent prodromal manifestations --May occur in any position --Recovery variable; related to dx time et treatment}