Nursing Fundamentals - Exam 4 -With 100% Verified Solutions-2024

What are the causes, symptoms, and treatment of hypomagnesemia? {Ans: Causes: intake, ETOH, gastric suction, diarrhea, TPN, loss of bowel, pancreatitis, sepsis, excess phosphorus Symptoms: Chvostek + Trousseau's signs, muscle spasms, tetany, HTN, disorientation, risk for seizures. Treatments: Mild: diet changes, Moderate: IM injections, Severe: IV}What is the chief anion in the intracellular fluid? {Ans: Phosphate}What are two pulmonary circulation abnormalities? {Ans: - CNS System Abnormalities anything that injures or alters the function of the CNS can interfere with the regulation of breathing and gas exchange (trauma, stroke, spinal cord injuries, etc.) - Neuromuscular Abnormalities effects gas exchange by interfering with the regulation of breathing or by limiting movement of the muscles involved with breathing (trauma, stroke, medications, Guillain-barre syndrome)}What typically is the class of a nasal decongestant? {Ans: adrenergic agonist}What are common diagnostic tests used to determine oxygen intake and respiratory function? {Ans: - Sputum samples - Skin testing (Tb, allergy) - Pulmonary function (obtained by a spirometer) - Pulse Oximetry - Capnography spirometry - ABG's - Endoscopy (bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy, mediastinoscopy, thoracoscopy) - Chest X-ray - Imaging Studies (CT, MRI, Lung scan) - Thoracentesis}Define Pulmonary Embolus {Ans: obstruction of pulmonary arterial circulation by