General Surgery Questions Study Guide Graded A+

paralysis, ileus, ST depression, U waves what could be a cause? {Ans: low K (max rate is 40mEq)}Reconstruction of pressure ulcers stage 1-2 stage 3-4 {Ans: stage 1-2 = special mattress, barrier protection stage 3-4 = flap reconstruction}Inward movement of the right rib-cage on inspiration patient dies after a 3rd year med student removes central line; why? {Ans: inward movement = flail chest treatment O2 and pain control removing central line; air embolism can occur;}Hernia Direct Indirect femoral Ventral what are each? each of these hernias can be 3 types 1. reducible - surgery urgency? 2. incarcerated 3. strangulated how do you tell what each hernia is {Ans: Direct - adult male, inguinal hernia directly through the transversalis indirect - hernia of baby males, through the inguinal ring femoral - female, under inguinal ligament ventral - iatrogenic; failure of fascia, abdominal bulge reducible - pushing it back in - non emergent incarcerated - it gets stuck - can cause SBO, urgent correction strangulated - it dies - peritoneal signs, emergency you can tell the hernia based on physical exam}Murmur Buzzwords systolic ejection fraction murmur: crescendo/decrescendo, louder with squatting, softer with valsalva systoliic ejection fraction murmur, louder