What are primary characteristics of the waterfall system development process? What is the rationale for using the term "waterfall" to describe it? {Ans: The waterfall system development process is a sequential, multistage system development process in which work on the next stage cannot begin until the results of the current stage are reviewed and approved or modified as necessary. The six phases of the waterfall system are investigation, analysis, design, construction, integration and testing, and implementation. Some organizations complete addition steps including operation, maintenance, and disposition. The rationale for using the term "waterfall" to describe it comes from the idea that the progress flows steadily downward (like a waterfall) through the various phases of development.}What is the difference between a black hat hacker and a cracker? {Ans: A black hat hacker is someone who violates computer or Internet security maliciously or for illegal personal gain while a cracker is an individual who causes problems, steals data, and corrupts systems.}Identify the steps necessary to conduct an effective computer security risk assessment. {Ans: The steps necessary to conduct an effective computer security risk assessment are: Step 1: Identify set of IS assets about which the organization is most concerned.