Mcat Biochemistry Review Questions And Answers 100% Verified A+ Guaranteed

Promoter Region {Ans: The portion of DNA upstream from a gene; contains the TATA box, which is the site where RNA polymerase II (eukaryotes) binds to start transcription}Pyruvate Kinase {Ans: Catalyzes a substrate-level phosphorylation of ADP to ATP using phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) Activated by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate from PFK-1 reaction (feed-forward activation)}Cytochromes {Ans: Proteins with heme groups in which iron is reduced to Fe2+ and reoxidized to Fe3+}Major Postranslational Modifications {Ans: Proper protein folding by chaperones Formation of quarternary structure, Cleavage of protein/signal sequence Addition of other biomolecules (phosphorylation, carboxylation, glycosylation, prenylation)}Chemiosmotic Coupling {Ans: The utilization of the proton-motive force generated by the electron transport chain to drive ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation F0 = the portion of the membrane where the proton-motive force interacts with ATP synthase; acts as an ion channel F1 portion = site where energy is released from the electrochemical gradient to phosphorylate ADP to ATP Exergonic (deltaG' = -220kJ/mol)}Membrane-Associated (Peripheral) Proteins {Ans: May be bound through electrostatic interactions with the lipid bilayer, especially at lipid rafts or to other transmembrane/embedded proteins, like G proteins}