End Of Life Care & Nursing Consideration Study Guide Latest Version 2024-2025 Updated Questions And Detailed Answers

Page 1 of 30 END OF LIFE CARE & NURSING CONSIDERATION STUDY GUIDE LATEST VERSION 2024-2025 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND DETAILED ANSWERS Grief, Loss, & Dying Signs of Imminent Death/Dying Process Most functions decrease while decompensating. Symptoms include decreased circulation, mottled skin, cold extremities, and decreased BP & HR. Dry mucous membranes & congestion in airways due to mucus buildup. Other signs include periods of apnea, decreased level of consciousness, hallucinations, muscle weakness/relaxation, incontinence, and decreased urinary output. Hearing is the last sense to go, maintained until the very end. Stages of Grief Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance. Denial involves refusing to accept the situation.Page 2 of 30 Bargaining includes making pleas, often to a higher power. Depression is common in grieving individuals. Signs of depression may include disheveled appearance, crying, and statements of despair. Suicidal ideations are not normal and should be addressed immediately. Ethical Considerations for End-of-Life Care All patients have the right to dignified end-of-life care. Hospice care aims to keep the patient comfortable, with pain management as a priority. Nursing interventions include ensuring sufficient pain medication, frequent turning/repositioning, and spiritual support. Palliative care focuses on improving comfort and quality of life, addressing physical, psychological, and spiritual needs.