Efficiency = {Ans: Useful Energy Output / Total Energy Input}Ernst Rutherford {Ans: Gold foil experiment. Most alpha particles passed straight through but some were deflected a little and a lot disproving the plum pudding model.}nuclear power {Ans: energy from splitting Uranium atoms. dis: nuclear waste, expensive}resistance {Ans: A material's opposition to the flow of electric current.}renewable energy {Ans: A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by humans. solar, wind, geothermal, hydropower, tidal, wave, nuclear, biofuel dis: unreliable (except hydroelectric and geothermal)}thermal energy {Ans: The total energy of motion in the particles of a substance}