Bio 162 Final Objectives |228 Questions| With Correct Answers.

Distinguish between innate and acquired immunity. {Ans: Innate immunity includes inflammation and fever to fight an infection by using already active cells. Cells involved= Macrophages and Neutrophils (both phagocytes), and mast cells. Acquired immunity is composed of genetically recombined B-Lymphocytes and T-Lymphocytes that are inactive until they encounter their designated antigens on pathogens, then they divide to produce plasma cells antibodies, and helper-t-cells.}Define neuroplasticity and give examples of ways in which this is involved in learning and memory, and how it could be involved in brain repair. {Ans: The ability for the brain to grow new neurons and form synapses between neurons. Some synaptic connections are strengthened or weakened depending on frequency of use. Stronger connections=sharper memories. Learning=forming new synaptic connections. Brain can be repaired by growing new neurons or strengthening connections.}Describe how the brain injuries of Phineas Gage and H.M. (Henry Gustav Molaison) aided scientists' understanding of the functions of various brain regions. {Ans: Phineas Gage: Frontal lobe damage, led to discovery of region of personality and rational thought. H.M: Removal of temporal lobe affected short-term memory formation abilities (anterograde amnesia)}How does the structure of a trait relate to its function? {Ans: Structure determines function}How