How does pest distribution patterns influence the choice of sampling method {Ans: the type of Distibution influences the way a species is monitored from random sampling to presence/absent, visual injury scales and ect..}Describe the importance of placement in pesticide applications and give some examples of different methods of placement. {Ans: Placement is critical in order to make sure the pesticide is going to be out in the area that the pest is at in order for it to be killed based on whether it's a contact, or other type of pesticide (band, broadcast, alternate rows, ect..)}band treatments {Ans: applying herbicides as a band in tree or vineyard rows}What is the role of alternate host in relation to virus vectors {Ans: can create overwinter sites for virus vectors}How are spot treatments used to conserve bees {Ans: avoid large area of contamination thus reduces chances of bee poisoning}What is parthenogenesis {Ans: the reproduction of an ovum without fertilization, especially as a normal process in some invertebrates and lower plants. Aphids, stick insects, water fleas, and nematodes all use this process}