symptoms of PVD {Ans: edema, irregular shaped sores, dull pain, yellow/brown ankles}defecation reflex {Ans: activated by stretch receptors stimulated by filling of the rectum; conscious relaxation of anal sphincter}Post Void Residual (PVR) {Ans: urine test that measures the amount of urine left in the bladder after urination}Why is an upper UTI bad? {Ans: Can lead to sepsis (infection in the blood)}barium enema {Ans: An x-ray exam using an opaque contrast medium to examine the lower GI tract}stress incontinence {Ans: when urine leaks during exercise and certain movements that cause pressure on the bladder}