Ibhre Crt Already Passed

NYHA classes {Ans: I- No symptoms with physical activity II- mild symptoms with physical activity III- marked limitation of physical activity IV- symptoms at rest, often bed-ridden}Heart Sounds {Ans: S1- lub S2- dub, beginning of diastole S3- abnormal -- vibration of ventricular walls during passive filling (HF indicator) S4- abnormal -- vibration of valves/walls etc, just before S1 during second phase of V filling}HF drugs {Ans: Beta blockers: Carvedilol, Metoprolol ACE inhibitors (block renin-angiotensin sys., inhibit enzyme that converts angiotensin I to II): Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, momopril, benazepril, fosinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril Angiotensin receptor blockers: valsartan, losartan, candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan Adosterone antagonist: spironolactone -- K sparing diuretic Diuretics Digoxin}Rate adaptive AV delay {Ans: NOT appropriate in CRT Intraatrial conduction time is critical for optimal repsonse (don't want to disturb it)}MADIT-CRT {Ans: More benefit to: Women, QRS > 150 ms LBBB reduced VT/VF and death CRT intervention decreases mortality and heart failure events}Anodal Stimulation {Ans: Usually pacing from LV tip to RV ring (dedicated lead- smaller surface area) ECG looks like RV pacing instead of BiV pacing Cardiac muscle is excited at anode instead of cathode}