Portage Learning Pathophysiology Nurs 231 Unit 1 Study Guide Questions And Correct Answers

Cells can be damaged by the following: (1) Injury from physical agents (mechanical forces [fractures], extremes of temperature [burns], and electrical forces); (2) Radiation injury (ionizing [cancer treatment], ultraviolet [sunburn], or nonionizing [thermal burns] radiation.); (3) Chemical injury (drugs [alcohol, Rx/OTC drugs, street drugs], carbon tetrachloride, lead toxicity, and mercury toxicity.); (4) Injury from biologic agents (viruses, parasites, and bacteria); and (5) Injury from nutritional imbalances (excess or a deficiency). {Ans: List the 5 categories in which cells can be damaged and give an example of each.}Pinocytosis {Ans: What term means "cell drinking," and engulfs small solid or fluid particles, as seen with proteins and electrolytes?}G-protein-linked receptors - largest number, on/off switch, outside of cell Enzyme linked - bind outside of cell, activates associated domain with enzyme activity ion-channel linked - nerve and muscle cells, open/close ion channels {Ans: Understand the 3 types of receptor proteins.}Because small ions like sodium and potassium have an electrical charge, they are unable to get through the lipid layer of the cell membrane. Their way across is by facilitated diffusion through selective ion channels. {Ans: Why are ion channels necessary?}Specificity {Ans: People without the disease who are negative on