Sinus Tachycardia treatments {Ans: for tachycardia from pain, effective pain management is important to treat the tachycardia; vagal maneuvers in clinically stable patients; IV β-adrenergic blockers (e.g., metoprolol [Lopressor]), adenosine (Adenocard), or calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem [Cardizem]) can be given to reduce HR and decrease myocardial oxygen consumption. In clinically unstable patients, synchronized cardioversion is used}Sinus Bradycardia associations {Ans: normal sinus rhythm in aerobically trained athletes and in some people during sleep; also occurs in response to carotid sinus massage, Valsalva maneuver, hypothermia, increased intraocular pressure, vagal stimulation, and administration of certain drugs (e.g., β-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers); hypothyroidism, increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and inferior myocardial infarction (MI).}premature ventricular contraction {Ans: }loose electrode artifact {Ans: }premature ventricular contraction {Ans: }First-Degree AV Block Associations {Ans: MI, CAD, rheumatic fever, hyperthyroidism, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia), vagal stimulation, and drugs such as digoxin, β-adrenergic blockers, calcium channel blockers, and flecainide}