Cardiology (Strikingly Easy) Quiz 4- Congestive Heart Failure Study Guide Rated A+

What is the major and minor framingham criteria for congestive heart failure? {Ans: - you need 2 major criteria OR 1 major and 2 minor -MAJOR: Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, NECK VEIN DISTENTION**, rales (not specific/can be something else), Cardiomegaly (on radiograph), acute pulm edema, S3 GALLOP (Tennessee), increased central venous pressure, hepatojugular reflux, weight loss (>4.5 kg in 5 days in response to treatment) -MINOR: bilateral ankle edema, nocturnal cough, dyspnea on exertion, hepatomegaly, pleural effusion, decrease in vital capacity by 1/3, and tachycardia (>120)}Explain the RAAS system {Ans: }What is a great test (very sensitive) used to diagnose and follow CHF? Explain. Who might you get false positives in? {Ans: - Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) - a peptide expressed in the ventricles when the ventricular filling pressures are high. The higher the worse the disease. Used to access, manage, and follow prognosis. -Older patient, COPD, Chronic Renal Failure pts (less specific)}Physical Exam of CHF: Neck? Lungs? Extremities? {Ans: -elevated jugular venous pulsations and hepatojugular reflux -Inspiratory rales due to reflex transudation of fluid into the alveoli from hydrostatic pressure, Pleural effusion causes bibasilar dullness to percussion, Bilateral and short of breath CHF, expiratory wheezes and