Usmle Step 1 231 Correctly Answered Questions Latest Update

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (Albright hereditary osteodystrophy) {Ans: -Unresponsiveness of kidney to PTH hypocalcemia despite PTH levels -Characterized by shortened 4th/5th digits, short stature -Autosomal dominant -Due to defective Gs protein α-subunit causing end-organ resistance to PTH -Defect must be inherited from mother due to imprinting}Female pseudohermaphroditism {Ans: -46,XX karyotype -Gonads are ovaries, but virilization of external genitalia -Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylase deficiency)}Causes of Spontaneous Depol causing Tachyarrhythmias {Ans: Hypokalemia, Hypermagnesemia, or prolonged QT interval = all cause spontaneous depol of ventricles in phase 3 or 4 and it will cause an extra AP in heart}ST Elevations in leads V1 and V2 {Ans: transmural ischemia of septum infranodal (morbitz type II) 2nd degree or 3rd degree heart block is possible result as well}t(8;14) {Ans: Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation) -cmyc is an oncogene -very aggressive, rapid proliferation of cell growth}Secondary hypogonadism [males] {Ans: -constitutional delay, Kallmann syndrome, hypopituitarism, prolactinoma; hypogonadotropic hypogonadism -lab findings: ↓FSH, LH, testosterone, sperm count}