Advanced Pharmacology Nsg 533 |86 Questions| With Correct Answers.

Alpha-blockers {Ans: fairly rapid onset (2-4 weeks) with relatively rapid symptom resolution , durable effect (years) with AUA symptom index (AUASI) improving 30-45%. No effect on prostate size (PSA) or disease progression. Relax smooth muscle in bladder neck, urethra & prostate(Blue dots indicate the distribution of alpha receptors surrounding the bladder and prostate). It is clear why these agents would provide rapid relief of symptoms New second generation (alfuzosin) and third generation (tamsulosin and silodosin) agents are preferred because of uroselectivity, no need for dose titration and limited orthostasis}Infectious diarrhea: C diff - {Ans: The initial step in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is cessation of the inciting antibiotic as soon as possible Therapy for non-severe difficile infection (CDI) consists of oral metronidazole >> oral vancomycinLimitations of metronidazole include dose-dependent peripheral neuropathy and side effects of nausea and metallic taste.Use of oral vancomycin is appropriate for initial therapy of non-severe disease in patients who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or intolerant/allergic to metronidazoleRifaximin— Small case series have suggested that sequential therapy with vancomycin followed by Rifaximin may be effective for the treatment of recurrent CDI}Can be used as monotherapy or as add-on therapy for T2DM .. Presenting A1C