Chem 219 Final Exam: Questions With Solutions

hybrid resonance {Ans: Each contributing individual resonance structure contributes characteristics to the overall hybrid structure of the compound. The hybrid "averages" bond lengths and formal charges by delocalizing them among atoms that share them in each contributing individual resonance structure.}What is the definition of a fused ring system? {Ans: 2+ rings fuse together to form a larger molecule.}Arrange the following list of carboxylic acid derivatives according to their reactivity, from least reactive to most reactive: Acid Anhydride Ester Acid Halide Amide {Ans: Amide < Ester < Acid Anhydride < Acid Halide (Least Reactive) --------------------> (Most Reactive)}cation {Ans: the atom that loses electrons becomes positively charged}formal charge {Ans: the electrical charge possessed by an atom when bonded in a molecule.}radical coupling {Ans: two radicals combine using the unpaired electron on each to make a new covalent bond.}