552 Midterm |242 Questions| With Correct Answers.

EPR/protease targeting {Ans: passive chemical targeting approach - traps nanoparticles in tumor tissue because of the EPR effect • Nanoparticles (100 nm) exhibit some accumulation in solid tumors due to enhanced permeation and retention, but this accumulation has modest benefits • It is possible that additional physical constraints exist including the tumor collagen matrix • Concept—a two phase nanoparticle that 1)accumulates due to EPR and then 2)undergoes selective chemical degradation by tumor-specific proteases to enable deeper penetration into the interstitial space - When the degradation occurs in the tumor, you get spreading - degradation of matrix helps spreads the contents within the nanoparticle}Passive Targeting through the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect? {Ans: - Happens in leaky vasculature; drug./drug carrier can penetrate into the interstitial and be retained there - tumors are really leaky due to lots of fenestrations in the vessels and lymphatic system doesn't clear it well so once a drug gets in, it stays there}Oral Protein and Peptide Drug Delivery {Ans: • Some of the small peptide drugs are available in oral dosage forms, e.g., cyclosporin A and desmopressin • Currently, there is no protein drug that is bioavailable in the gastrointestinal tract •