Wcu Pathophysiology (Midterm) Exam Questions And Answers

Describe different congenital heart defects {Ans: Aortic stenosis- Aortic stenosis is when the aortic valve (the valve between the left ventricle and the aorta) is too small, narrow, or stiff. Coarctation of the aorta (COA)- is a narrowing of the aorta, the major blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart to the body. This narrowing causes the left side of the heart to work harder to pump blood through the aorta. Ebstein anomaly- a rare heart defect that affects the tricuspid valve (one of the heart's four valves). It happens because of a problem with how the valve forms before a baby's birth. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)- an extra blood vessel found in babies before birth and just after birth. Patent foramen ovale (PFO)- a normal opening between the upper two chambers (the right atrium and left atrium) of an unborn baby's heart. The foramen ovale usually closes 6 months to a year after the baby's birth. Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)- a congenital (present at birth) heart defect. In tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), four related heart defects change the way blood flows to the lungs and through the heart. Truncus arteriosus- a heart defect that happens when