Final Exam Review With Complete Answers- 2024

Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) {Ans: self-reporting tool that may be used to diagnose and treat depression 0-4: No depression No treatment indicated 5-8: Mild depression Pharmacologic or psychotherapeutic treatment may be indicated Base treatment on duration of symptoms and functional impairment 9-11: Moderate depression Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated 12-15: Severe depression Pharmacologic, psychotherapeutic, or combination treatment indicated}SNRIs {Ans: -inhibit 5-HT reuptake -inhibit NE reuptake (↑ energy, focus) -increase DA in prefrontal cortex (↑ cognition) -Examples: desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, levomilnacipran, venlafaxine -Adverse effects: • elevated blood pressure • nausea • sweating • tremors • anxiety • insomnia • constipation • anorexia • sexual dysfunction}opioid use disorder Comorbidity {Ans: most common comorbid disorders associated with opioid use disorder are other substance use disorders and psychiatric disorders such as mood, antisocial personality, and anxiety disorders -Users who ingest opioids by injection often have viral (i.e., HIV, hepatitis C virus) and bacterial infections -also associated with an increased risk for suicide attempts, completed suicides, accidental overdose, and deliberate overdose}Bipolar disorder tx: ______________May be combined with other medications to treat bipolar disorder, may improve both mania and depressive symptoms. {Ans: Anticonvulsants}Opioid withdrawal symptoms {Ans: -severe muscle cramps & bone