Fccn Level 1 Exam With Complete Solutions.

preload {Ans: - amount of fluid that is returning to the heart - edema is not a part of intravascular volume - you can have a lot of edema and be dehydrated at the same time}optimizing perfusion - afterload {Ans: - since the heart ejects into the arteries....the arteries affect the afterload - constricted = more resistance and decreased CO - dilated = less resistance and increased CO}hypocalcemia {Ans: 8.5 - 10.2 - tetany - muscle cramps - trousseau's and chvosteks sign - colicky abdominal pain}common inotropes used {Ans: - milrinone - dobutamine - dopamine}mean (MAP) {Ans: - average pressure for circulation - normal 70-105 - MAP < 60 is inadequate}determinants of renal function {Ans: - renal perfusion - tubular function - post renal structure}