Computer Science - Engineering

1. How do you measure software reliability? (3 marks)Software reliability is measured using various techniques that assess its ability to perform consistently and correctly under expected conditions. Here are some common methods:Error Reporting and Tracking: Monitor the number of errors encountered during development, testing, and deployment. Track how long it takes to resolve them (Mean Time to Repair, MTTR).Failure Rate Measurement: Measure the frequency of software failures in a specific period (e.g., failures per hour).Crash Rate Measurement: Track the rate at which the software crashes unexpectedly.Uptime/Downtime Analysis: Calculate the percentage of time the software is operational (uptime) versus the time it's unavailable (downtime).Software Reliability Growth Models: Use statistical models to predict future reliability based on historical failure data.2. What is the COCOMO estimation model? (3 marks)The COCOMO (Constructive Cost Model) is a procedural software cost estimation model developed by Barry Boehm. It helps estimate the effort (person-months), cost, and schedule required for a software project based on its size and complexity. COCOMO has two primary versions:COCOMO I:Focused on organic (traditional) development processes.Provides three sub-models based on project type (organic, semi-detached, embedded).COCOMO II:More comprehensive, considering factors like project scale, team experience, and process maturity.Offers three estimation models:Early Design (for estimates in