Phonemic awareness contributes most to the development of phonics skills in beginning readers by helping them: {Ans: identify in spoken language separate sounds that can be mapped to letters.}At the end of each school day, a preschool teacher encourages the children to talk about the day's events. As the children describe each event, the teacher writes it on large block paper. Afterward, the teacher reads the list back to the class. This activity would contribute to the children's literacy development primarily by promoting their: {Ans: awareness that speech can be represented by writing.}Electronic reading books are advantageous for beginning or struggling readers primarily because this type of computer software: {Ans: scaffolds learning by providing a high level of interactivity.}Before reading aloud a book about a farm to a group of beginning readers, a first-grade teacher has the students brainstorm and briefly discuss words related to farms. Next, the teacher reads the text aloud from a big book, pointing to each word being read. Periodically, the teacher stops to discuss with students key concepts or events described in the text and to guide students in relating the text to the illustrations. After finishing the read-aloud, the teacher puts