161 Final Exam Questions) With Correct Answers

Describe how allosteric regulators may inhibit or stimulate the activity of an enzyme. {Ans: Alters the enzyme shape which alters the function}Explain how the lagging strand is synthesized even though DNA polymerase can add nucleotides only to the 3' end. {Ans: As replication bubble opens, polymerase molecule work its way away from replication fork and synthesize a short segment of DNA.}Explain the functional and evolutionary significance of introns. {Ans: Functional: introns may control gene activity; alternate splicing can give >1 protein from the same gene Evolutionary: exons code for functional domains of proteins; widely spaced functional components allows recombination -> new protein}Describe how localization of enzymes within a cell may help order metabolism. {Ans: The products of a substrate in one organelle could be used as a substrate in the next cell it travels to}Describe the role of ATP and NADPH in the Calvin cycle. {Ans: ATP and NADPH are produced by the light reactions and are used in the Calvin cycle to reduce CO2 to sugar}Describe the structure of a chloroplast, listing all membranes and compartments, and where the steps of photosynthesis occur. {Ans: The chloroplast has an inner and outer membrane with