Nsg222 Exam 1 - Ob

Reproductive system adaptations {Ans: - Uterine growth, blood vessels elongate, uterine blood flow to placenta, diameter of uterine artery doubles, Braxton Hicks - Isthmus (lower portion of uterus) becomes thinner - Uterus progressively ascends into abdomen after 3 mo. - supine hypotensive syndrome (dizziness, syncope)}Endometriosis {Ans: - the most common cause of secondary dysmenorrhea - associated with pain beyond menstruation, dyspareunia, low back pain, heavy or irregular bleeding, bloating, nausea, and vomiting, and infertility}PCOS Therapeutic Management {Ans: - Diagnosis is based on the presence of at least two of the following criteria: 1. hyperandrogenism (evidenced by testosterone excess, hirsutism) 2. ovarian dysfunction (anovulation) 3. polycystic ovarian morphology -Treatment: Oral contraceptives, antidiabetic agents, and statins, weight loss, surgery - initiated early to prevent or limit long-term complications such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, endometrial carcinoma, and infertility - Goals of therapy: Reduce production and circulating levels of androgens, protect the endometrium against the effects of unopposed estrogens, support lifestyle changes to achieve ideal body weight, lower risk of cardiovascular disease, avoid effects of hyperinsulinemia, and induce ovulation for pregnancy}Menopause effects on Genitourinary {Ans: vaginal dryness, stress incontinence, cystitis}Breast cancer, Modifiable Risk Factors {Ans: - Not having children