Medsurg Exam 1 Review With Complete Answers- 2024

hypomagnesemia {Ans: caused by alcoholism, diabetes, loop diuretics (excess use), malnutrition, vomiting, diarrhea, malabsorption syndromes - s/s (severe): confusion, lethargy, deep tendon hyperreflexias, nausea, vomiting, hypertension, dysrhythmias treatment: - oral treatment - IV for severe acute}fracture complications: DVT & PE {Ans: stasis: fracture decreases mobility vessel wall injury: physical damage & IV insertion hypercoaguability --> make sure pt stays well hydrated pulmonary embolism s/s: chest pain, SOB, pink frothy sputum, tachycardia, tachypnea}hypernatremia {Ans: caused by cushing's syndrome and diabetes insipidus - s/s: thirst, low grade fever, altered mental status, neuromuscular irritability, decreased cardiac contractility, coma or seizures, increased deep tendon reflexes (absence of reflexes occur if severe) treatment: - oral water replacement (cerebral edema risk)}nontunneled percutaneous central catheter {Ans: inserted through subclavian vein in the upper chest or jugular veins in the neck - jugular insertion site subject to turbulence (not ideal) - tip resides in superior vena cava - short term use; higher risk of infection --> sepsis! - placement confirmed by chest x-ray}internal radiation therapy (brachytherapy) {Ans: very targeted; inside the body - seed the tumor; prostate cancer - insert device into cervix; cervical cancer - very concentrated; less damage to surrounding tissue