nCr = n! / r!(n - r)! {Ans: probability combination formula}Histogram {Ans: A graphical representation -- bars, measuring the frequency within each interval}Sampling frame {Ans: List of group from which you choose your sample.}Measures of center {Ans: Median, the mean (and mode)}P(A)*P(B) {Ans: independent events: P(A and B) =}Population {Ans: The entire group you are trying to describe or understand.}P(A|B) {Ans: P(A and B) ÷ P(B)}Standard Deviation Rule {Ans: 68% of the data are within 1 standard deviation, 95% are within 2, 99.7% are within 3 standard deviations from the mean.}Matched pairs {Ans: Grouping two similar subjects and giving different treatments/procedures to each in order to compare the differences. For example, having one twin take a medication while the other twin does not.}Extrapolation {Ans: Making predictions *outside* of the range of your data. This is generally a bad idea.}Scatter plot {Ans: A graphical representation of Q -> Q}Simple random sample {Ans: making a selection by following a random pattern and selecting without replacement. Unbiased.}Multi-stage sample {Ans: Multiple rounds of randomness and grouping. For example: randomly selecting a few groups, then choosing a small random sample just those