Fluid & Electrolytes Quiz 1 Questions And Answers

abnormal spacing {Ans: third spacing}S/S of hyperkalemia {Ans: -Cardio: irregular, slow heart rate, hypotension -neuromusc: muscle weakness leading to paralysis -GI: nausea, hyperactive bowel sounds, diarrhea}S/s of hypermagnesemia {Ans: -N/V -diarrhea -mental status changes -appetite loss -muscle weakness -difficulty breathing -low BP -irregular heart beat}nursing actions hypocalcemia {Ans: -calcium replacement -drugs that enhance absorption of calcium -nutrition therapy -utilize seizure precautions -injury prevention stragegies}Hypernatremia b/c of water loss {Ans: increased insensible water loss or perspiration, suction, high fever, heatstroke; diabetes insipidus, osmotic diuresis}NS {Ans: normal saline 0.9%}Nursing interventions for extracellular fluid volume deficit {Ans: -vital signs every 2- 4 hrs -orthostatic BP -give oral fluids (sm. amounts freq.) -monitor IV fluids -check urine specific gravity -daily wts -I&O -protect skin -oral care -monitor lab values -monitor mental status}S/S of extracellular fluid volume deficit {Ans: -thirst -low urine output -decreased skin turgor -dry mucous membranes and skin -increased temp. -hypotension -tachycardia -mental status changes -weight loss -headaches}first space {Ans: vascular}second space {Ans: cells}D5 1/2 NS with 2omEq K+ {Ans: dextrose 5% in 1/2 normal saline with 20 mEq Potassium}Use of Hypotonic fluids {Ans: to hydrate intracellular and interstitial compartments