Ivy Tech Aphy 201 Exam 2 With Correct Answers

Adrenal Medulla produces... {Ans: Catecholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine)}Since adrenal steroids all derive from related synthetic pathways... {Ans: they are structurally similar}Autonomic ganglion {Ans: A cluster of synapses between autonomic pre- and post-ganglionic neurons located near the spinal cord (sympathetic) or the effector organ (parasympathetic)}Stimulus interactions with receptor membranes, causing... {Ans: ion channels to open}Zona faciculata {Ans: (Middle layer) Produces corticosteroids (mostly cortisol)}Three main chemical classes {Ans: Peptides Amines Steroids}Hyperthyroidism result in... {Ans: -Increased cellular metabolic rate -Increased neural excitability -Increased heart rate and contractile force -Glycoprotein deposits behind eyeballs produces exophthalmus (buggy eyes)}Hypercortisolism aldosterone-linked effects {Ans: -Cortisol crossover effects on aldosterone receptors cause elevated plasma Na+ (hypernatremia) and low plasma Na+ (hypokalemia) -Fluid retention, due to excessive Na+ absorption}What are some brain areas without a blood-brain barrier? {Ans: -Areas surrounding the pituitary and hypothalamus -Emetric (vomiting) center of the medulla oblongata -Pineal body}T3 {Ans: Triiodothyronine}What does cortisol promote? {Ans: -Glycogenolysis (release of stored glucose) -Gluconeogenisis (the process of converting glycerol or amino acids to glucose) -Lypolysis (the breakdown of lipids) -Breakdown of muscle proteins}Increased incidence of disease or infection (hypercortisolism) {Ans: due to over suppression of the immune