Variance {Ans: √(SD)}derivative of cos⁻¹(u) {Ans: -1/√(1-u²)du/dx}Observational Studies {Ans: The tester does not change or control the variable in any way}Direct Proportion {Ans: A relationship in which quantities increase by a set amount for every increase in the other quantity. Or both decrease}Odds against an event {Ans: 1-P(A)/P(A) If 3:1, P(not occurred)=3/4}tan(α±β) {Ans: (tanα±tanβ)/(1-+tanαtanβ)}derivative of ln(x) {Ans: 1/x}Sample space {Ans: Total set of all possible results}Tangent {Ans: A line that touches the circle at exactly one point}Heptagon {Ans: 7}Conditional Probability {Ans: P(A|B)= probability of B given A has already occurred}sin(A) {Ans: opp/hyp}Correlation Studies {Ans: Determine how one variable is affected by changes in a second variable}Parameter {Ans: Numerical value that gives information about the population (mean, median, mode, etc.)}Exponential Function {Ans: f(x)=bⁿ where b>0 and b≠1}Limit with higher exponent in denominator {Ans: Divide top and bottom by (1/xⁿ)}Compound Interest {Ans: Interest that is paid multiple times a year P=P₀(1+r/n)ⁿ^t P= total value of investment P₀= initial value t= time in years r= interest rate n= number of times per year}cot(A) {Ans: 1/tan(A)=adj/opp}Mathematical Induction Proof {Ans: Given P(k) is true, show P(1)