Rio Salado Bio 202 Final Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers

Nephron filtration {Ans: The excretory process begins when blood flows from the body and into the renal artery, which branches off into the *afferent arteriole*. The afferent arteriole then leads into the *glomerulus*, a ball/collection of blood vessels located in the renal cortex of the kidney. The glomerulus is strategically located adjacent to the *Bowman's capsule* of the nephron. Together, the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are known as the *renal corpuscle*. This close proximity allows water and solutes (such as sugars and vitamins) from the blood and into the Bowman's capsule. These substances that filter from the blood and into the Bowman's capsule are collectively known as the *filtrate*. Larger substances like proteins and the blood cells themselves do not pass into the Bowman's capsule- they remain in the glomerulus. This process is called *filtration*. This is why it is said that the glomerulus *acts as a sieve*- it allows small substances (water and solutes) to pass into the Bowman's capsule while it keeps larger substances (proteins and blood cells) in the blood. Bowman's capsule has *podocytes* (long, foot-like processes) that wrap around the glomerulus in a way that they form *fenestrations* (means 'window' or 'opening'), or slits. These