Aqa A Level English Language Occupation Theories Study Guide Rated A+

Howard Giles {Ans: Describes how speakers change their language to resemble that of their listener:convergence; divergence (Accommodation theory)}Holmes (1998 Onwards) {Ans: Women managers seem to be more likely to negotiate consensus than male managers, they are less likely to just 'plough through the agenda', taking time to make sure everyone genuinely agrees with what had been decided}Drew and Heritage (1992) {Ans: Goal Orientation: Participants in workplace conversations usually focus on specific tasks Turn taking rules or restrictions: In some professionally contexts (e.g. The courtroom) there are special turn taking rules in operation. But even when no special rules exist, there may be unwritten restrictions on who speaks when; for example in doctor- patient consultations, it is the doctor who tends to ask the questions Allowable contributions: There may be restrictions on what kinds of contributions are considered 'allowable', I.e. What participants may say Professional lexis: The professional/workplace context may be reflected in the language choice, i.e. In special lexis or vocabulary used by the speakers Structure: Workplace and professional interactions may be structured in specific ways Symmetry: Workplace and professional interactions are often symmetrical, that is often one speaker has more power and/or special knowledge than the