Aqa Gcse Sociology Paper 2 Question Paper 2023: The Sociology Of Crime And Deviance And Social Stratification

Wallis (1984) categorisation of New Religious Movements: {Ans: World Rejecting - Highly critical of outside world, restricted contact. Controls all aspects of their life and usually live communally with a set of conservative moral codes. Examples Manson Family and Branch Davidian. World Accommodating - Often breakaways from existing churches or denominations eg Neo-Pentecostalists from Catholicism. Neither accept or reject the world, seek to restore purity of religion. No monopoly of truth. World Affirming - Accept the world, use mainstream goals as motivations for followers eg careers. Tolerant of other religions but claim they offer unique knowledge that will unlock spiritual powers. Few demands and allows people to continue with regular life. Examples Scientology.}Peter Townsend (1981): Social construction of ageing as a problem: {Ans: Reason for negative attitudes to elderly in our society is that old age has been socially constructed as a period of dependency by creating a statutory retirement age at which most are expected or required to stop working and forced to rely on inadequate benefits that push many into poverty.}Miller and Hoffmann (1995) - Why women are more religious (differential roles) {Ans: where the socialisation of women into an expressive role which aligns heavily