Maryville Nurs 611 Patho Exam 1 2024/ Questions With Correct Detailed /verified

What is ionizing radiation emitted from? {Ans: x-rays, y-rays, alpha and beta particles, subatomic particles such as neutrons, deuterons, protons, and pions WEAR A LEAD APRON}example of compensatory hyperplasia? {Ans: regeneration of the liver}SEVERE signs of hypocalcemia {Ans: 1- convulsions/tetany 2- prolonged QT interval 3-cardiac arrest}normal range of pH level {Ans: 7.35-7.45}what causes hyponatremia? {Ans: 1- sodium deficits (diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea) 2- diseases (kidney, heart and liver failure) 3- hypotonic solutions (D5W)}What is the main mechanism of damage to DNA by the ionizing radiation? {Ans: from generation of reactive oxygen species from reactions with free radicals by radiolysis of water IT HURTS THE DNA THE MOST}When messenger RNA (mRNA) is over-expressed what does it result in and why? {Ans: 1-results in metastasis of an already existing cancer 2- hypermethylation is in miRNA genes that bind to the ends of mRNAs, degrading them and preventing their translation, so when mRNA targets are over-expressed it increases metastasis ability to continue.}Signs and symptoms of hypocalcemia {Ans: 1- increased neuromuscular excitability 2-tingling and muscle spasms 3- hyperactive bowel sounds 4-osteoporosis}Where can ribosomes be found? {Ans: cytoplasm and rough ER}what are ribosomes chief function? {Ans: