Cardiology Boards Abim Exam 2023 With 100% Correct Answers

What causes a physiologic split S2 {Ans: Increased blood volume in the RV prolongs systole and delays pulmonary valve closure}LPFB criteria {Ans: Small Q, large R in inf leads Small R in I, large S in I, aVL R axis +80-+140 degrees}What conditions give you pulsus paradoxus? {Ans: Constrictive or restrictive pericarditis, asthma, tension pneumothorax}Acute mitral regurg {Ans: Presents with pulmonary edema Native valve - from flail leaflet (MVP, endocaditis), papillary muscle ischemia or rupture, chordae tendinae rupture Prosthetic valve - from tissue valve rupture, mechanic valve closure problem (thrombus), paravalvular vegetation Exam - decrescendo apical systolic murmur, nl size LA on echo, large L side v waves Rx - afterload resuction, diuresis; IABP; often need surgery}Coarctation of the aorta {Ans: bicuspid AoV in 70% Delayed femoral/ brachial pulse Upper body HTN, HTN aneurysmal dilations, rupture in circle of willis CXR - rib notching}Reperfusion injury {Ans: the re-establishment of blood flow after a coronary artery is blocked, which may further damage the heart tissue due to the formation of oxygen free radicals}Can you have a S4 with atrial fibrillation? {Ans: No - no atrial contraction}What causes a fixed split S2 {Ans: Pulmonary