Nurs 5334-Pharm: Antimicrobials Part 1/ Module 2 Uta 35 Correctly Answered Questions Latest Update

Cephalosporin drug interactions {Ans: Drug interactions •Probenecid •Alcohol •Drugs that promote bleeding •Calcium and ceftriaxone Adverse effects •Allergy •Bleeding •Thrombophlebitis •Other adverse effects}Beta-lactamases (cephalosporinases) by generation {Ans: •First-generation destroyed by these enzymes •Second-generation less sensitive •Third-, fourth-, and fifth-generation agents more resistant than first- and second-generation agents}Second generation (cephalosporins) {Ans: -cefoxitin (Anerobeic bacteriodes fragilis) -cefaclor -cefotetan -cefprozil -cefuroxime (good for URI Pneumonia) *Mostly gram (+) coverage}Carbapenems (Imipenem) {Ans: -Broad antibiotics used to treat mixed infections -Fixed dose mixed with cilastatin (never given alone) due to renal enzymes that destroy imipenem -Binds to PBP 1 and 2 to weaken cell wall/ bactericidal -DO NOT given with valproic acid (seizure med) decrease levels of valproate causing breakthrough seizures}Cephalosporins {Ans: •Most widely used group of antibiotics •Beta-lactam antibiotics •Similar to penicillin structure •Bactericidal •Usually given parenterally •Low toxicity -weaken bacterial cell wall -Cross allergy with PCN, do not give if pt allergic to PCN}Vancomycin {Ans: -Used for severe infections (c-diff/MRSA) -does not have a beta-lactam ring and does not interact with PBPs -MOA-binds to molecules that inhibit cell wall synthesis of the bacteria -narrow spectrum only used for c-diff/mrsa -telavancin-new class}Gram-negative cell envelope {Ans: •Three layers