As Level Ocr Chemistry Study Guide Graded A+

Adding hydrogen to C=C bonds produces alkanes {Ans: Ethene will react with hydrogen in an electrophilic addition reaction to produce ethane Nickel catalyst 150ºC}Methyl orange {Ans: Yellow in alkali, red in acids}Tetrahedral {Ans: 4 electron pairs around central atom No lone pairs Bond angle- 109.5º}Alkene double bond {Ans: Sigma bond- Two s orbitals overlap, C-C or C-H in alkanes (high bond enthalpy) Pi bond- Sideways overlap of two adjacent p orbitals (low bond enthalpy)}Alkenes undergo electrophilic addition with hydrogen halides {Ans: Two haloalkanes are formed Markownikoff's rule- The major product is the one where hydrogen adds to the carbon with the most hydrogens already attached}One mole {Ans: 6.02×10^23}Alcohols {Ans: Primary Secondary Tertiary}Standard enthalpy change of combustion {Ans: The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely burned in oxygen, under standard conditions}Carbon skeleteon {Ans: Aromatic or aliphatic Aromatic compounds contain a benzene ring Aliphatic compounds contain carbon and hydrogen joined in straight chains, branched chains or non-aromatic rings (alicyclic)}Homologous series {Ans: Same general formulas and functional groups}Structural formula {Ans: The arrangement of atoms carbon by carbon with attached hydrogen and functional groups}Ionisation energy drop between groups 5