Irene Gold Boards Part 1 - Pathology Exam With 100% Correct Answers

Types of degeneration... {Ans: } What tissue type and what pathologies does Calcification, metastatic cause? {Ans: } Calcium infiltration into *normal tissue*. E.g. hyper*vitamin D* ., hyper*parathyroidism*Calcification, dystrophic {Ans: } Calcium infiltration into abnormal/*damaged tissue* E.g. *atherosclerosis or atheroma*. Damage to tunica intimaCaseous (cheese like) {Ans: } Combination of *ischemic* cell death & cell lysis. *Tuberculosis*, giant epithelial cellCloudy swelling {Ans: } *Albuminous*. - Membrane injured which effects *ionic transfer* AKA hydropic change cloudy swelling is *reversible*Coagulation {Ans: } *Infarction* (MI), blood vessels *zymogen*Enzymatic {Ans: } pancreasFatty {Ans: } 1. Liver, aka *nutmeg liver* 2. Heart, aka *tabby cat heart* 3. fatty dot > fatty streak > *atheroma (fatty plaque)* > fibroatheroma (fibrous tissue, calcium)Liquefaction {Ans: } CNS: - brain melts, - *tertiary syphilis*, - *leprosy* = *aka Hansens disease* Skin: (if from infection) - *tabes dorsalis*Wallerian {Ans: } *Peripheral nerves*. Degenerates to the next node of ranvier. "dying back phenomenon"Zenker's (waxy) {Ans: } Hyaline. Most common in *skeletal* muscle. *Muscle replaced with hyaline*Degeneration of nucleus... {Ans: } cell must die Karyo = nucleusKaryo*lysis* {Ans: } nuclear *fading*/rupture (*DNA breakdown: irreversible*)Karyo*rrhexis* {Ans: } Nuclear *swelling* (chromattin fragmentation)Pyknosis {Ans: } Nuclear *condensation* AKA karyopyknosis *= prolonged cell death with apoptosis*Developmental changes...