Ati Teas 7 Biology Review 2024

ATI TEAS 7 Biology Review. Macromolecules: Carbohydrate, Lipid, Nucleic Acid, Protein, Enzyme Carbohydrate: Sugars and starches which body breaks down to glucose Structural function: cellulose and chitin Energy storage: amylose, amylopectin, glycogen Recognition molecules: glycoproteins and glycolipids Lipids: Fatty acids and their derivatives that are soluble in water H and C and main components Fats Hydrophobic- thus help separate aqueous compartments Store energy (fats, oils, adipose) Protein: Molecules composed of amino acids joined by peptide bonds Monomer: amino acids (amino group + carboxylic acid)(20 types) Keratin and Collagen (hydrophobic)- not soluble in water, found in structural protein Globular proteins are hydrophilic (hemoglobin, antibodies, enzymes) Function as transport carries or signal transfer Nucleic Acids: Long molecules made of nucleotides; DNA and RNA DNA stores genetic material Chromosomes RNA is a messenger (mRNA) also rRNA and tRNA Enzymes: Class of protein that catalyze biochemical reactions Not consumed in reaction Speed up reaction by lowering activation energy Exergonic: release energy Endergonic: require energy Energy is supplied and released as ATP Lock and Key (substrate must fit into enzymes active site) DNA and RNA DNA: macromolecule that contains coded instructions for the body to produce proteins Nucleotide: the building block of DNA and RNA