The Impact Of Artificial Intelligences Invention: A Study Of How Individuals Believe Ai Will Take Over The World

TheImpactofArtificialIntelligence sInvention:AStudyofHowIndividualsBelieveAIW illT akeOvertheW orldInPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheSubjectofScience,T echnology ,andSocietyChapter1Intr oductionOurimaginationsandthethingswecomeupwithevolvealongwithourminds.Artificialintelligencewasinitiallyconceivedasameansofreproducingourownintelligence,butactualartificialintelligenceisnowcloserthananyofusthought.AI,orArtificialintelligence,isamachinelearningdisciplinethatdatesbacktothe1950s.Itwasalsopresentedasa"newscience"thatwouldmethodicallyinvestigatethephenomenaofintelligence,andthisobjectiveisintendedtobeachievedbysimulatingintelligentoperationsusingtechnology .Artificialintelligenceenablestechnologiestocomprehendandaccomplishspecifiedgoals.EveryAIsystemissupposedtoperformsomeofthefollowingfunctions:observation,analysis,problem-solvingskills,understanding,andsoon.AccordingtoJatinBorano,Artificialintelligenceisdesignedtooutperformhumanskills(Borana,2016);modernizedcountries'economiesarealreadyadjustingtonewAI-enabledserviceslikeairportassistanceandonlinechathelpdesks.T osavecostsandimproveaccuracy ,theindustrialindustryusesartificialintelligencewithroboticsystemsforassemblyandpackagingoperations.Moresophisticatedactivitiesmaybeaccomplishedwithouttheuseofhumanlaborbyusingamixofartificialintelligenceandvirtualvisiontechnologies.Siriisawell-knownvirtualassistantthatusescertaintechnicalfeatures,suchasvoicerecognitionandnaturallanguageprocessing,tocommunicatewithhumansinamorenaturalmanner .Artificialintelligence'shuman-likeabilitiesarebecomingparticularlypopular ,tothepointthatitisbeingdeployedinavarietyofindustries,includingcustomersupport.Artificialintelligencehasshowntobebeneficialtoavarietyofbusinessesallaroundtheworld.Itiscriticaltonotethatadvancesinartificialintelligencehavebothbeneficialandnegativeconnotations.Advancesintechnologyhavemadeitpossibletoreplacehumanworkinregularphysicalandcognitivejobs(Petropoulos,2018).Humanityisalwayssearchingforadvancementandanswerstoproblems,butascomputersbecomesmarterandAIgoverns,ourcivilizationmustevaluatehowthismayormaynotaf fectfuturejobprospectsinmanyfields.Researchersanticipatethatinterconnectedartificialintelligencewouldboosthumanproductivitywhilepotentiallyjeopardizinghumanautonomy ,initiative,andcapacities.Theytalkedabouthowcomputersmayequalorevensurpasshumanintellectandcapacitiesinareasincludingcomplexdecision-making,reasoning,andlearning,advancedanalyticsandcharacterrecognition,visualfield,voicerecognition,andtranslationsoftware.Theyclaimthat"intelligent"systemsincommunities,automobiles,buildingsandservices,farms,andcorporateoperationswillsavetime,cost,andlives,aswellasprovideindividualswithpossibilitiestoexperienceamorepersonalizedfuture.StatementofthePr oblemTheoverallpurposeofthisstudyistounderstandmoreaboutTheImpactofArtificialIntelligence sInvention:AStudyofHowIndividualsBelieveAIW illT akeOvertheW orld.Itwillreacttothefollowingqueriesinparticular:1.Whatarethepublic's(goodornegative)perceptionsaboutartificialintelligence'sinvention?2.IsthereapossibilitythatAIwilltakeovertheworldandcontinuetoexpandasaresultofitsnewinventions?3.InwhatcircumstanceswillAIbeabletoreplacehumansinthenextyears?PurposeoftheStudyAsstatedintheBackgroundoftheProblem,becauseofAI'sdevelopmentandquickprogress,therearenumerouschancesthatitwillsurpasshumanintellect.Itcanbebeneficialinavarietyofways,butitalsohasdrawbacks.TheobjectiveofthisresearchistodeterminewhetherAIwilltakeovertheworldand,ifso,whatcanbedonetopreventthis.Theaimofthissectionofthestudyistodeterminehowartificialintelligenceiscurrentlybeingusedandwhatthecurrenttheoriesarestrivingtomakeartificialintelligencetechnologiesmorewidelyavailable.Theor eticalFrameworkThetechnologicalsingularity,oftenknownasthesingularity ,isapotentialpointintimewhentechnologicaladvancementbecomesunmanageableandirreversible,leadingtounanticipatedchangesinmoderncivilization.Accordingtotheintellectualabilityexplosionversionofthesingularityhypothesis,anexpandableintelligentagentwilleventuallyenteran"uncontrolledreaction"ofself-improvementcycles,causingan"outburst"inintelligenceandcausingapotentsuperintelligencethatsubjectivelyfarexceedsallhumanintellect.Quantumtheory,oneofcontemporaryscience'smostimportanttechniquesofdescribingthecosmos,claimsthatforecastingthefutureisimpossibleduetotherandomnessoftheuniverse.AlbertEinsteincontendedthatquantumtheorywasanimperfectaccountofthecosmosandthattheremustbeunknownfactorsthatcontainthekeytopredictingfutureoccurrences.However ,wecan'tfullyrulethatout.GivenourlimitedunderstandingofthenatureoftheworldandthepotentialofAI,itmaybeprudenttoplayitsafe.Chapter2ReviewofRelatedLiteratur eandStudiesThischaptercontainstheReviewofRelatedLiterature,whichismadeupofdatathathavebeencollectedbytheresearcherinconnectionwiththestudy"TheImpactofArtificialIntelligence'sInvention:AStudyofHowIndividualsBelieveAIW illT akeOvertheW orld."Itspurposeistoidentifyotherresearch,studies,oracademicpapersthataresimilartoorrelatedtothestudy .Thefollowingrelevantliteratureprovidesimportantdataforthisstudy'scomparisonandcomplement.RelatedLiteratur eArtificialintelligencehastheabilitytosignificantlyenhancethefunctionalityofourexistinglives.However ,byapplyingitasamodernstyleofcreation,itmayhaveagreaterinfluenceandprovideafreshperspectiveoncurrentprocessinnovation.Usageofmachinelearning,suchasrobots,isanewdiscoverythatisavividillustrationofcreationbroughtaboutbyartificialintelligence-filteredcreativity .Inventionshaveanotionofreplacingman'sresponsibilitiesintheworld'smanyeconomicareas.Intheresearchindustry ,enormousdatabasesandalgorithmswillbeemployed,andbothwillresultinpossibleracing,monitoredincentivesbymajorfirms,andspecificalgorithms.V isibilityandinformationexchangebetweenthepublicandcommercialsectors,ontheotherhand,willbethecatalystforhealthyinnovationsandinnovationinitiativesinthenearfuture.Rapidtechnologicalgrowthinthefieldofartificialintelligencehasfar -reachingeconomicimplicationsforcivilization.Nobodyknowswhatthefutureholds,butAImayendupcreatingmoreemploymentthaniteliminates.Itmayalsodevelopnewlinesofbusinessthatwecan'tfathomcurrentlybyprovidingnewtoolsforbusinessmen.InteractingwithAIwillundoubtedlybecomecommonplaceinthenearfuture.Thesechangesarebringingsignificanteconomicandsocialadvantages.Simultaneously ,AIof fersthemostsignificantethicaldilemmawehaveyettoencounter .Ithasthepotentialtoadvancesocietyinapositivedirection.However ,becauseofthesignificantramificationsthatAItechnologywillhaveforsocietyasawhole,theprocessbywhichAIsystemsarebuilthastobecontextualized.Bydefinition,artificialintelligence(AI)isawordusedtocharacterize(usuallytechnological)objectsthatenhanceanyofthecapabilitiesassociatedwithnaturalintelligence.Computervision,voicerecognition,patternclassification,andfixedautomationsystems,forexample,areallconsideredAIapplicationsusingtechniquesavailableinmainstreamAItextbooks(RussellandNorvig,2009).Ifweaccepttheteachingsofembodiedrobotics,however ,wemaybeabletobroadenthisdefinitiontoencompassanyitemthatimprovesourabilitytoseeandact.Althoughthisisanuncommonconcept,itmayhelpusbetterunderstandthekindofchangesAIwillbringtoourworldbyenablingustolookatalengthyhistoryoftechnologyinterventions.Forages,we'vebeencautionedthatartificialintelligenceisabouttotakeovertheworld.Whiletechnologicaladvancementsmayaddtotherisingamountofjobsreplacedbymachines,onethingiscertain:peoplearestillneededinmanysectorsandactivities.There'snodoubtinsayingthatartificialintelligencehassignificantlyalteredandimprovedourlives.Ourcitiesarebecomingmorelinked,ourhomesarebecomingsmarter ,andourbusinesspracticesarebecomingmoreef fective.However ,AIcanonlyaf fectthepartsofoursocietythatcanbeautomated,suchasworkinginmoreor ganizedandreliableenvironmentslikefactoriesorwarehouses.Machinescanautomatesomebehaviorsandactivities,buttheylackthecognitivecapabilitiesandanalyticalthinkingrequiredtocarryoutdelicateorcomplicatedactions.Artificialintelligencefallspoorlyincontextsthatrelyondistinctivelyhumanqualitiesandtalents,suchasobservation,socialawareness,andimagination.AIisnolongeronlyaproductofscienceandtechnology;itisincreasinglybecomingabasicnecessity .Everyday ,freshadvancementsineverysectoroflife,frompoliticstoeconomics,arewitnessed.W emaynowquicklyaccessnumerousareasthatwerepreviouslyinaccessiblethankstotechnology ,ArtificialIntelligence,andtheInternetofThings.T echnologyisdirectlyinourlives,fromtheresearchweperformontheInternettothethingsthatarriveatourdoorstepwithasingletap.AI'scapabilitiesarelimitless.W ewillshapeitsfuture,anditwillhaveanimpactonthedecisionswemakeandtheactivitieswedo.W ehavenowayofknowinghowthisnewtechnologywillbehave,evenifithasthepossibilityofbecomingthesinglemostimpactfulhumancreationinhistory .However ,withtherightprotectionsinplace,wecanensurethatAIsystemsarepurposeful,clever ,andflexiblewithoutabandoningthetraitsthatdistinguishhumans.Artificialintelligence,oftenknownasexpertsystems,isthebeliefthatrobotscanimitatecognitivethinkingabilities(Kaplan&Haenlein2019).AIisthestudyofcreatingintelligentcomputersusingmassiveamountsofdataandlearningfromexperiencetodoactivitiesthataresimilartothoseperformedbyhumans.JohnMccarthy ,commonlyregardedasthe"FatherofArtificialIntelligence,"wasthefirsttodevelopthenotionofaneuralnetwork(Nilsson1998).Manywell-knownpersonshaveseentheincorporationofnaturalhumanintellectintocomputersasoneofhumanity'smostsignificantchanges.Artificialintelligencemaybedefinedasasystemwiththecapacitytoexecutefunctionsthataresimilartohumancognitiveabilities.Itiscriticaltocollectdatafromcurrentandfuturecustomersinordertoenhanceoperationsanddecision-making(Devine,Srinivasan,&Zaman,2004).Whenitcomestothehistoryofartificialintelligence,somepeoplebelieveitdatesbacktoancienttimessinceAI,oravariantofitismentionedinmythology .ItwasmentionedintheaccountofHephaestusinGreekmythology .Hephaestus,theGreekgodoftechnology ,wasoneofthemostpowerfulgodsinGreekmythology .Hephaestushadseveralprojectsthatseemedtothinkandbelieveasiftheywerealiveinthenarrative,buttheyweren't.Theywerelittlemorethanmetalworksofart.T aloswasagiganticbronzewarriorcreatedbyHephaestustoguardtheislehebuilt.Heresembledacyberneticentitywithliveandnon-livingthingscomponents.ApartfromT alos,Hephaestushadnumerousmorecreatures,allofwhichseemedtothinkandfeelalive.Aitechnologywasanideathatexistedlongbeforeitwasrealized,butnoonehadthetechnologytobuildit.SomeAIsystemsareconsideredtohavefacilitateddiscriminatingorprejudicedactionsinsomecases.Airbnb,forexample,hasbeenchar gedwithhavingrenterswhodiscriminateagainstethnicminoritiesontheirsite."AirbnbcustomerswithdefinitelyAfricanAmericannameswerearound16percentlesslikelytobeadmittedasvisitorsthanthosewithclearlywhitenames,"accordingtoaHarvardBusinessSchoolstudy .Racialdif ficultiesalsoarisewithfacerecognitionsoftware."IfyourfacialrecognitiondatacontainsmostlyCaucasianfaces,that'swhatyourprogramwilllearntorecognize,"saysJoyBuolamwinioftheAlgorithmicJusticeLeague.ManyexpertspolledagreedthatasAIimproves,humanautonomyandagencywouldbejeopardized.Theypointoutthatcode-driventechnologiesareinchar geofdeterminingimportantlifedecisions.Individualswhoworkinthedigitalenvironmentgiveuptheirfreedom,righttoprivacy ,andpoweroverdecisionstovaryingdegrees.Manyofthespecialistsconcernedaboutthisbelievethatpeoplemustacceptthisinordertoremaincompetitive,engagesociallyandprofessionallyinsociety ,beamused,andgetthingsdone.Peoplearesaidtorelinquishsomecontrolovertheirlifeinexchangefortheperceivedbenefitsofdigitaltechnologies,whichincludeef ficiency ,ease,enhancedpatternrecognition,storagesystems,andsearch-and-findskills.AsAIadvances,itwillinevitablytakeoveroccupationsthatwereformerlyundertakenbypeople.AsshowninaMcKinseyGlobalInstituteanalysis,by2030,about800millionjobsmightbelostgloballyowingtoautomation.Becauserobotsdonothavetobecompensated,theownersofAI-drivenbusinesseswouldreapalloftheearnings,thuswideningthedividebetweenthewealthyandthepoor .Also,privacyisafundamentalhumanright,butAImayjeopardizeitinthefuture.Evennow ,itisfeasibletoreadilytrackus.Allsurveillancecamerasareintegratedwithfacerecognitiontechnology ,whichcanrecognizeanypersoninacrowd.Artificialintelligenceissurroundedbyalotofpublicity .AccordingtoStephenHawking,theemer genceofcompleteAImightsignifytheendofhumanity .People,whosenaturalevolutionisslowed,wouldevolveintowhatanimalsaretothemankindnow .W ewouldhavenoinfluenceoverwhatoccurstous,andthenwewouldnomorebeinfavorofmakingdecisionssincethere'dbeamuchbetterintelligenceintheroomwhowoulddismisseverythingwedoasabsurd.However ,wehavenonotionofhowtocreateacompleteorpowerfulAI.Furthermore,welackstrongresearchorscientificagendathatwouldallowustoconfidentlyfollowthatpath.Chapter3Resear chMethodology(ActionPlan)Intr oductionForyears,we'vebeenalertedthatartificialintelligencewouldsoontakeovertheglobe.PwCexpectsthatupto30percentofoccupationsmightbeautomatedbythemiddleofthe2030s.In15to25years,machinesmightreplace40percentoftheglobalworkforce,accordingtoCBSNews.Despitethefactthattechnologicalinnovationwillcontributetotherisingnumberofjobsreplacedbyautomation,therearestillnumerousbusinessesandworkflowsthatrequirepeople.Whenmostpeopleconsiderintelligentrobots,theyimmediatelyseerobotsbecomingcompletelyconsciousandcontendingwithhumans.Keychallengesincludeconsumersecurityandprivacy ,AIprejudices,personalrights,well-being,andunemployment.T oencouragethesustainablegrowthofnations,corporationsthatemployAIsystemsmustbesociallyresponsibleandmakeAIsystemsassecureasfeasible.AIalgorithmsarebeingemployedbyallonlineplatformsandinbusinessesrangingfrommanufacturingtohealthcare,banking,wholesale,andretail.AIisalsobeingutilizedbygovernmentagencies,mostnotablyintheadministrationofcriminaljustice,aswellasintheregulationofcustomsandimmigration.Nevertheless,inordertokeepthepeaceandputittogooduse,weneedtokeepaneyeonhowprevalentitis.Curr entActionTheef fectsofartificialintelligencearebecomingincreasinglynoticeableinourday-to-daylives,butjustlikeanyotherusefulnewtool,mindlesslyapplyingitcomeswithanumberofobviousdrawbacksandrepercussions.AIisnotaremedyforalloftoday'sissues;itisratheratool.AIhasseveralef fectsonthelandscapeofnationalandglobalsecurity ,includingthecreationofnewformsofinformationalwarfare,theexpansionofthedangerlandscape,andthecontributiontoinstabilityandarmament.Thisiswhyvariouscountrieshavevariedregulationsaddressingit.OnSeptember12,2012,10175,orthe"CybercrimePreventionActof2012,"tar getscrimesperpetratedagainstandviacomputersystems.Itconsistsofpunitivesubstantiveregulations,proceduralnorms,andinternationalcooperationrules.Atleast17statessubmittedgeneralartificialintelligencebillsorresolutionsin2021,andAlabama,Colorado,Illinois,andMississippienactedthem.InHawaii,anincometaxcreditisestablishedforeligibleinvestmentsinfirmsthatresearchcybersecurityandartificialintelligence.WhileinIllinois,theymodifytheArtificialIntelligenceV ideoInterviewActtorequireemployerswhorelysolelyonartificialintelligencetodeterminewhetheranapplicantwillqualifyforanin-personinterviewtocollectandinformcertaindemographicinformationtotheDepartmentofCommerceandEconomicOpportunity ,whichrequirestheDepartmenttoanalyzethedataandreporttotheGovernorandGeneralAssemblyonwhetherthedatarevealsaracialbiasintheaitechnology .ThereisalsoAlgorithmicJusticeLeague,acollectionthatstrivestoeliminatehumanprejudicefromAIsystems,whichcanleadtodiscriminatoryexperiencesandpractices.AINowInstituteatNewY orkUniversityisaninterdisciplinaryresearchfacilitydevotedtocomprehendingthesocietalconsequencesofartificialintelligence.OpenAIisdedicatedtoidentifyingandimplementingtheroadtosafeartificialgeneralintelligence.Futur eofLifeInstituteisanonprofitandoutreachor ganizationwhosemissionistoguaranteethatthemostadvancedtechnologyofthefutureishelpfultomankind.Thereareseveralor ganizationspreparedtoaidhumansinpreventingtheAItakeover .ActionPr oposalMakeanef forttopromotehuman-centricAIaswellasadvertisingadoptionofAI,andcontinuetoprogresspropertechnological,sociallyresponsible,andtechnologicallyneutralapproachesbyprotectingprivacy ,includingthroughtheapplicationofsuitablelegalregimes;makinginvestmentsincybersecurity ,theappropriateenforcementofrelevantprivacylegislation,andinteractionsofregulatorydecisions;informingpeopleaboutcurrentnationalbodiesoflaw ,includinginrelationtohowtheselawscanbeapplied;andpromotinghuman-centeredAIareafewactionsthattheresearcherproposesandidentifyoverthecourseofthestudy .Additionally ,itispreferabletoencourageinitiatives,includingthoseledbybusinesses,toimproveonlinesecurityinartificialintelligence(AI)anddevelopingtechnologies,suchastheInternetofThingsandcloudservices,aswellasthroughtheadvancementofcharitablecodesofconduct,norms,orguidelines,andtheadoptionofbestpractices.TherearealsoimpendingfearsthatAIwoulddevelopa"MindofitsOwn"anddisregardhumanexistence.Therefore,wemustwatchitsprogressionbeforeit'stoolate.Allareas,whethertechnicalornot,havetwosides:thepositiveandthenegative.T opreventthenegativeone,wemustestablishandpromoteapositiveAI/roboticsculture.W emustencourageindividualstohaveempathyforothers.W emustconsiderprospectiveproblems,eveniftheyhavealowlikelihoodofoccurring.W emustbefuturists,anticipatingfuturenegativeoccurrencesanddetermininghowtoavoidthembeforetheyarise.W emustadoptrulesandlegislation(atthenationalandinternationallevels)toaddresscircumstancesthatarehazardoustohumans,otherlivingthings,andtheenvironmentonaglobalscale.W ecannotcreatesolutionswithoutputtingpeopleandtheecosystematthecenteroftheplanningprocess.Therefore,weshouldunitetopreventthedangerofAIfromtakingovertheworld.Refer ences:Bryson,J.J.(n.d.).ThePastDecadeandFutur eofAI sImpactonSociety.OpenMind.https://www .bbvaopenmind.com/en/articles/the-past-decade-and-future-of-ais-impact-on-society/E.(2019,October17).W illartificialintelligencetakeovertheworld?DoBetter .https://dobetter .esade.edu/en/will-artificial-intelligence-take-over -world?_wrapper_format=htmlCockburn,I.,Henderson,R.,&Stern,S.(2018,March).TheimpactofArtificialIntelligenceonInnovation-NBER.NBER.RetrievedApril6,2022,fromhttps://www .nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w24449/w24449.pdfKim,I.(2021,May21).Theeffectsofartificialintelligencein...-modul.ac.at.ModulUniversity .RetrievedApril6,2022,fromhttps://www .modul.ac.at/uploads/files/Theses/Bachelor/Under grad_2021/BSC_2021/1621027_KIM_In_HongBachelor_Thesis_BSc_no_sig.pdfAnderson,J.,&Rainie,L.(2020,July22).ArtificialIntelligenceandtheFutur eofHumans.PewResearchCenter:Internet,Science&T ech.https://www .pewresearch.or g/internet/2018/12/10/artificial-intelligence-and-the-future-of-humans/Dand,M.(2019,February28).12Or ganizationsSavingHumanityfr omtheDarkSideofAI.Medium.RetrievedMay14,2022,fromhttps://medium.datadriveninvestor .com/12-organizations-saving-humanity-from-the-dark-side-of-ai-bce8c9da1ea5LegislationRelatedtoArtificialIntelligence.(n.d.).NCSL.RetrievedMay14,2022,fromhttps://www .ncsl.org/research/telecommunications-and-information-technology/2020-legislation-related-to-artificial-intelligence.aspxAIPolicyChallengesandRecommendations.(2022,February10).FutureofLifeInstitute.RetrievedMay14,2022,fromhttps://futureoflife.or g/ai-policy-challenges-and-recommendations/#SecurityMcCutcheon,G.J.M.(2020,January24).AIIsn taSolutiontoAllOurPr oblems.ScientificAmericanBlogNetwork.RetrievedMay14,2022,fromhttps://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/ai-isnt-a-solution-to-all-our -problems/