E-Dapt Pharm Week 2 Pharmacology For Nursing Practice

E-dapt Pharm WEEK 2 Pharmacology For Nursing PracticeAnalgesc rugs Analgesic drugs are medications that relieve pain, but do not cause loss of consciousness. Pain threshold is level of stimulus needed to produce a sensation of pain. Pain tolerance is the amount of pain a person can endure without impeding on normal daily function. Acute pain has a sudden onset that subsides with treatment. Chronic pain is persistent and/or recurring lasting over 3 months. Somatic pain originates from skeletal muscle, ligaments and joints. Visceral pain originates from organ and smooth muscle. Opioids can be classied as mild agonists and strong agonists. Mild agonists include codeine and hydrocodone & strong agonists include fentanyl, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine and oxycodone. Therapeutic Use and Pharmacologic Action Side effect teaching for patients taking opioid analgesics should include low blood pressure and heart rate, sedation, disorientation and dizziness, constipation, urinary retention, itching and iespiratory depression. Diarrhea, frequent urination, racing heart and high blood pressure are not side effects for opioids and should not be included in patient teaching. Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and anemia are adverse effects of nonopiod analgesic drugs. Respiratory depression, dysphoria and constipation are adverse effects of opioid analgesics, not of nonopioid analgesics.Opod Opioid Contraindications